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Anastrepha ludens (Loew)

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Recognition
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Anastrepha ludens differs .

Classification and Evolutionary Relationships
Order: Diptera. Family: Tephritidae. Genus: Anastrepha. Species: ludens. Author: Loew.
Relationships among the species of Anastrepha were analyzed by Norrbom et al. (1999) and McPheron et al. (1999). Click here for more detailed discussion of Anastrepha phylogeny. Anastrepha ludens has been placed in the fraterculus species group.

Names Used for this Species
Trypeta ludens Loew 1873: 223.
Anastrepha ludens: .
Anastrepha lathana Stone 1942: 105. Synonymy (Hernández-Ortiz 1992:  ).
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Type Data
ludens: Lectotype - Male (Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien (NMW)), Mexico; designated by Foote, Blanc & Norrbom (1993: 98).
lathana: Holotype - Female (National Museum of Natural History (USMN)), Mexico: Morelos: Cuernavaca.

Distribution
Anastrepha ludens is known from USA (southern Texas), Mexico (except Baja California Norte & Chihuahua), Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. The record from Colombia
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Biology
The biology of A. ludens is

Economic Significance
Anastrepha ludens, commonly known as the Mexican fruit fly, is a major pest of citrus, mango, and various other cultivated fruits.

References
Key references are listed below. See fruit fly literature database for additional references.
McPheron, B. A., H.-Y. Han, J. G. Silva & A. L. Norrbom. 1999. Phylogeny of the genera Anastrepha and Toxotrypana (Trypetinae: Toxotrypanini) based upon 16S rRNA mitochondrial DNA sequences, p. 343-361. In M. Aluja & A. L. Norrbom, eds., Fruit flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and evolution of behavior. CRC Press, Boca Raton. [16] + 944 p. [phylogeny]
Norrbom, A. L., R. A. Zucchi & V. Hernández-Ortiz. 1999. Phylogeny of the genera Anastrepha and Toxotrypana (Trypetinae: Toxotrypanini) based on morphology, p. 299-342. In M. Aluja & A. L. Norrbom, eds., Fruit flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and evolution of behavior. CRC Press, Boca Raton. [16] + 944 p.  [classification & phylogeny]
Stone 1942: