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Carpomya pardalina Bigot

Recognition
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Carpomya pardalina .

Classification and Evolutionary Relationships
Order: Diptera. Family: Tephritidae. Subfamily: Trypetinae. Tribe: Carpomyini. Genus: Carpomya. Species: pardalina. Author: Bigot.
Relationships among the species of Carpomya were analyzed by Norrbom (1997), who considered C. pardalina to be most closely related to C. wiedemanni. Click here for more detailed discussion of Carpomya phylogeny.

Names Used for this Species
Carpomyia pardalina Bigot 1891: 51.
Myiopardalis pardalina: Bezzi 1910: 11.
Carpomyia (Myiopardalis) pardalina: Zaitzev 1919: 66.
Carpomyia (Myiopardalis) caucasica Zaitzev 1919: 64. Synonymy (Stackelberg 1928: 281, Zaitzev 1947: 6).
Carpomya pardalina:
Myiopardalis carpalina Fletcher 1920: 45, missp. pardalina Bigot.

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Type Data
pardalina: Lectotype - Female (UMO), Beloutchistan [Iran or Pakistan. Baluchistan], designated by Norrbom 1997: 341. Bigot described C. pardalina from "plusieurs" (several) specimens of both sexes from "Beloutchistan" (Baluchistan, an area extending from southeastern Iran to western Pakistan). The female lectotype is in the Bigot Collection, now at the University Museum, Oxford. It and one of the two male paralectotypes each have a larva pinned below the adult specimen. The lectotype has a thin paper label, of the style that Ackland & Taylor (1972, Fig. 6) found mainly on specimens with Bigot manuscript names, with the following data in Bigot's writing: "Carpomyia pardalina [the second half of the specific name written over some other letters] [female symbol] \ n. sp. Inedit. \ qui[rest of word illegible] Octobre 1890. J. Bigot \ Beloutchistan \ attaque les melons." The lectotype is pinned through its abdomen and has slightly shriveled eyes, but otherwise is in good condition. It fits Bigot's description and the traditional interpretation of this species (Norrbom 1997).
caucasica: Syntypes - Both sexes (ZIL?), Azerbaijan: East Transcaucasia, Elisavetn [=Elisavetpol = Kirovabad = Gandzhe], Areshsk territory, Dzhevanshir region & North Mugan. Carpomyia caucasica Zaitzev (1919) was described from male and female specimens from "East Transcausia, Dzhevanshir, Areshsk territory, Elisavetn region and North Mugan". Elisavetn is probably the locality in Azerbaijan that has also been known as Gandzhe, Kirovabad, and Yelisavetpol (A. Konstantinov, pers. comm.). Norrbom (1997) examined a pair of specimens of C. pardalina in the Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg with the following label data: "A_. O. _. CT." [= Azerbaijan?] and handwritten localities that he could not decipher; the male with the date "19/viii 1928", and the female with the date "3/viii 1927". The female also has a determination label with "Myiopardalis caucasica m., Zaitzev det." These specimens cannot be types because their collection dates are subsequent to the date of description, but their identity helps to confirm the synonymy of this name.

Distribution
Carpomya pardalina is known from Egypt & the Caucasus to western India. It has been introduced to Kazakstan and Turkmenistan.
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Biology
Carpomya pardalina breeds in fruit of

Economic Significance
Carpomya pardalina is a major pest of .

Comments
 This species has often been classified in a monotypic genus Myiopardalis. The name Carpomyia caucasica Zaitzev was omitted from the Palearctic Diptera catalog (Foote 1984), but was long considered a synonym of C. pardalina by Russian workers (Stackelberg 1928, Zaitzev 1947, Kandybina 1965).

References
Click here to access fruit fly literature database
Ackland, D.M. and E. Taylor. 1972. Notes on the Verrall-Collin Collection of Diptera in the Hope Department of Entomology, University Museum, Oxford. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 15: 12-15.
Bezzi, M. 1910. Restaurazione del genere Carpomyia (Rond.) A. Costa. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della Rebia Scuola d'Agricoltura, Portici 3: 273-313.
Bigot, J.M.F. 1891. III. - The Baluchistan Melon Fly. (Carpomyia Pardalina, _ et _, nov. sp.). Indian Museum Notes 2: 51.
Freidberg, A. & J. Kugler. 1989. Fauna Palaestina. Insecta IV. Diptera: Tephritidae. Israel Academy of Sciences & Humanities, Jerusalem, 212 p. [p. 194, redescription, additional references]
Kandybina, M.N. 1965. On the larvae of fruit-flies of the genus Carpomyia A. Costa (Diptera, Trypetidae). Enomologicheskoe Obozrenie 44: 665-672 [in Russian, English translation in Entomological Review 44: 390-394]. [p. 668, larva]
Norrbom 1997 [phylogenetic relationships]

Rohdendorf, B.B. 1939. Differences between the melon fly [Carpomyia (Myiopardalis) pardalina Big.] and closely related species. Inf. byull. vopr. karantina rast. 6: 8-9. [not seen, copied from Kandybina 1965]
Stackelberg, A. 1928. Zur Synonymie der Melonenfliege Myiopardalis pardalina Big. =caucasica Zaitz. Reports of the Bureau of Applied Entomology 3: 281.
White, I.M. & M. Elson-Harris. 1992. Fruit Flies of Economic Significance: Their Identification and Bionomics. C.A.B. International, Wallingford, 601 p. [p. 349, review, additional references]
Zaitzev, F.A. 1919. The Transcaucasian melon fly - Carpomyia (Myiopardalis) caucasica, sp. n. (Diptera, Trypetidae). Zapiski nauchno-prikladnykh otdielov Tiflisskago botanicheskago sada 1: 64-66.
Zaitzev, F.A. 1947. The fruit fly fauna of the Caucasus and adjacent regions (Diptera Trypetidae). Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta, Akademiya Nauk, Gruzinskoi SSR 7: 1-16.

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