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Haywardina cuculi (Hendel)

Recognition
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Haywardina cuculi differs from all other species of Haywardina by all of the following characters: posterior orbital seta absent; scutellum entirely yellow; length of vein M from BM-Cu to R-M/ length from BM-Cu to DM-Cu greater than 0.80; both R-M and DM-Cu covered by discal band; and subapical band absent. Species of Cryptodacus, especially C. tau, resemble H. cuculi in the apical displacement of R-M and the discal band, but have a posterior orbital seta, at least a small subapical band, a brown border along vein Cu₁ (sometimes absent in C. quirozi and C. tau), a serrate aculeus tip, and no dorsoapical point on the first flagellomere. In thoracic markings, H. cuculi resembles H. cuculiformis in having a brown spot on the anepisternum, katepisternum, and katatergite, but it has no brown marks on the scutellum and only one pair on the scutum (mesal to the lateral white stripe). The medial brown spot on the mediotergite is sometimes absent. The glans is relatively stout, with a stout internal tube with a sharp 90° bend. The membranous apical part tapers to a slender lobe in both ventral and lateral views.The third instar larva possesses small, sclerotized, preoral teeth near the stomal organ as do other species of Carpomyina.

Classification and Evolutionary Relationships
Order: Diptera. Family: Tephritidae. Subfamily: Trypetinae. Genus: Haywardina. Species: cuculi. Author: Hendel.
Relationships among the species of Haywardina were analyzed by Norrbom (1994). Click here for more detailed discussion of Haywardina phylogeny. Haywardina cuculi appears to be most closely related to H. cuculiformis.

Names Used for this Species
Tomoplagia cuculi Hendel 1914b: 35.
Haywardina cuculi: Aczél 1951c: 259.
Click here to link to fly names database

Type Data
Syntypes - 1m1f (MNM, NMW), ARGENTINA: Tucumán, Nov.

Distribution
Haywardina cuculi is known only from Argentina.
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Specimen data
ARGENTINA: Las Heras, "s/ fruto piquillin", 12.XI.1942, 3m2f (MACN, USNM).
ARGENTINA: Salta: 1200 m, II.1905, J. Steinbach, 1m (ZMHU).
ARGENTINA: Salta: Cafayate, 1165 m, II.1951, K. Haywood, 1m1f (USNM) 1f (DEI).
ARGENTINA: Salta: Cafayate, 4.II.1960, Ajmat-Bennasar, 1m1f (IML).
ARGENTINA: Salta: Yacochuya (Cafa yate), 1950 m, 1-15.II.1969, Willink, Terán & Stange, 1m (IML).
ARGENTINA: Tucumán: Burruyacu, V. Padre Monti, 17.I-7.II.1948, R. Golbach, 1m (DEI).
ARGENTINA: Tucumán: Burruyacu, Taruca Pampa, Finca San Augustine, reared ex. fruit of Solanum trichoneuron Lillo (voucher in USNM herbarium) collected 18.V.1991, A.L. Norrbom, 10m9f 4 larvae (USNM, IML).
ARGENTINA: Tucumán: Tafí del Valle, 12.XII.1947, R. Golbach, 1f (USNM).
ARGENTINA: Tucumán: Tucumán, 21.I.1928, H.E. Box, 1f (MACN).

Biology
The biology of H. cuculi is poorly known. The only confirmed host plant is Solanum trichoneuron Lillo (Solanaceae); the larvae breed in the fruits (Norrbom 1994). Numerous adults, some in copulation, were collected on S. argentinum Bitter & Lillo, which also may be a host (Aczél 1951c). The rearing records from orange and guava (Hayward 1942) seem doubtful. "Piquillin", on the labels of several specimens examined by Norrbom (1994), is a name in Argentina for species of Condalia (Rhamnaceae) (Bodenbender 1940), which doubtfully are hosts.

Economic Significance
Haywardina cuculi is not known to be economically important.

References
Click here to access fruit fly literature database
Aczél, M. L. 1950. Catalogo de la familia 'Trypetidae' (Dipt. Acalypt.) de la region neotropical. Acta Zool. Lilloana (1949) 7: 177-328. [p. 242, catalog]
Aczél 1951. Generos y especies neotropicales de la tribus "Trypetini". II. Dos generos y una especie nuevos. Acta Zool. Lilloana 12:253-278. [p. 259, redescription]
Foote, R. H. 1967. Family Tephritidae (Trypetidae, Trupaneidae). In N. Papavero, ed., A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. Departmento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, São Paulo. Fasc. 57, 91 pp. [p. 25, catalog]
Foote, R. H. 1980. Fruit fly genera south of the United States. United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin No. 1600, 79 pp. [p. 31; review]
Hardy, D.E. 1968. The fruit fly types in the Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien (Tephritidae - Diptera). Ann. Naturhistor. Mus. Wien 72:107-155. [p. 118, type data]
Hendel, F. 1914b. Die Bohrfliegen Südamericas. Abhandl. Bericht. Königl. Zool. Anthrop. Ethnograph. Mus. Dresden (1912) 14: 1-84. [p. 35, description]
Norrbom, A. L. 1994. New species and phylogenetic analysis of Cryptodacus, Haywardina, and Rhagoletotrypeta (Diptera: Tephritidae). Insecta Mundi 8: 37-65. [p. 49, diagnosis, host, phylogenetic relationships]
Norrbom, A. L., L. E. Carroll, F. C. Thompson, I. M. White & A. Freidberg. 1999. Systematic database of names, pp. 65-251. In F. C. Thompson (ed.), Fruit Fly Expert Identification System and Systematic Information Database. Myia (1998) 9, vii + 524 pp. & Diptera Data Dissemination Disk (CD-ROM) (1998) 1. [p.   , in catalog]

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