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Anastrepha - Keys and Information for Species Identification

There is no comprehensive key for the identification of all species of Anastrepha.  The update of Stone's (1942) key by Steyskal (1977), the most recent attempt to cover all species, includes 141 of the 200 species.  Useful partial keys include the following to the species of particular countries or species groups: Zucchi (2000) - Brazil; Hernández-Ortiz (1992) - Mexico; Foote et al. (1993) - USA; Caraballo (1981) - Venezuela; and Blanchard (1961) - Argentina; Norrbom (1998) - daciformis species group; Norrbom (1991) - grandis species group; and Norrbom (2002) - serpentina species group.

The most comprehensive larval keys are those of Steck et al. (1990; 13 spp.) and White & Elson-Harris (1992; 8 spp.).

References
Blanchard, E. E. 1961. Especies argentinas del género Anastrepha Schiner (sens. lat.) (Diptera, Trypetidae). Rev. Invest. Agric. 15 (2): 281-342. [monograph of 38 spp. in Argentina]
Caraballo, J. 1981. Las moscas de frutas del genero Anastrepha Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Tephritidae) de Venezuela. Dissertation, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay. xi + 210 p. [monograph of 37 spp. in Venezuela]
Foote, R. H., Blanc, F. L. & Norrbom, A. L. 1993. Handbook of the fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) of America north of Mexico. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca. xii + 571 p. [key to 19 spp. in USA]
Hernández-Ortiz, V. 1992. El genero Anastrepha Schiner en Mexico (Diptera: Tephritidae). Taxonomia, distribucion y sus plantas huespedes. Instituto de Ecología and Sociedad Mexicana de Entomología, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. 162 p. [monograph of 28 spp. in Mexico]
Norrbom, A. L. 1991. The species of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) with a grandis-type wing pattern. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 93: 101-124.
Norrbom, A. L. 1997. Revision of the Anastrepha benjamini species group and the A. pallidipennis complex (Diptera: Tephritidae). Insecta Mundi 11: 141-157.
Norrbom, A. L. 1998. A revision of the Anastrepha daciformis species group (Diptera: Tephritidae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 100: 160-192.
Norrbom, A. L. 2002. A revision of the Anastrepha serpentina species group (Diptera: Tephritidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 104: 390-436.
Steck, G. J., Carroll, L. E., Celedonio-Hurtado, H. & Guillen-Aguilar, J. 1990. Methods for identification of Anastrepha larvae (Diptera: Tephritidae), and key to 13 species. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 92: 333-346. [key to larvae of 13 spp.]
Steyskal, G. C. 1977. Pictorial key to species of the genus Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae). Entomological Society of Washington, Washington, D.C. 35 pp. [key to 141 spp.]
Stone, A. 1942. The fruitflies of the genus Anastrepha. U. S. Dept. Agric. Misc. Publ. No. 439. 112 pp. [revision of 126 spp.]
Tigrero, J. O. 1998. Revisión de especies de moscas de la fruta presentes en el Ecuador. Published by the author, Sangolquí, Ecuador. 55 p.
White, I.M. & M.M. Elson-Harris. 1992. Fruit flies of economic significance: Their identification and bionomics. CAB International, Wallingford, 601 p. [p. 65, key to adults of 15 spp., p. 117, key to larvae of 8 spp.]