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Anastrepha bistrigata Bezzi

Habitus, female.

Recognition
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Anastrepha bistrigata differs from all other species of Anastrepha except A. striata Schiner in having the dorsal posterior margin of the epandrium with a narrow, V-shaped, medial indentation, and by the following combination of characters: mesonotum with large, somewhat U-shaped, brown area, narrowed at transverse suture, but without other brown markings; mediotergite and subscutellum entirely brown or at least brown laterally; thoracic pleuron and abdomen without brown areas; and scutum microtrichose, with broad nonmicrotrichose stripe on dorsocentral line, sometimes interrupted at transverse suture. These two species share additional characters, including: wing bands, particularly middle section of S-band, mostly orange brown; cell br with hyaline area posterior to pterostigma extending width of cell, reaching vein R4+5; aculeus tip broad, at least 0.17 mm wide, and bluntly triangular; and lateral surstylus with rounded subapical lateral lobe. Anastrepha bistrigata differs from A. striata as follows: oviscape more than 3.0 mm long, more than 0.90 times mesonotum length; aculeus more than 3.0 mm long; scutum with brown area narrowed but uninterrupted at transverse suture, setulae yellow and brown, less dense but more or less continuous lateral to postsutural nonmicrotrichose area; distal section of S-band slender, at apex of vein R2+3 0.36-0.44 times width of cell r2+3; aculeus tip 0.35-0.40 mm long (vs. 0.24-0.31 mm in A. striata); and lateral surstylus slightly shorter and stouter and slightly divergent distally from the opposite surstylus. The scutal microtrichia are less dense and not as white in appearance in oblique anterior view as in most A. striata, and the wing bands are usually slightly browner.

Classification and Evolutionary Relationships
Order: Diptera. Family: Tephritidae. Genus: Anastrepha. Species: bistrigata. Author: Bezzi.
Relationships among the species of Anastrepha were analyzed by Norrbom et al. (1999) and McPheron et al. (1999). Click here for more detailed discussion of Anastrepha phylogeny. Anastrepha bistrigata has long been considered to be most closely related to A. striata Schiner. Norrbom et al. (1999) placed these two species plus A. ornata Aldrich, in the striata species group, but Norrbom (2002) included them in the serpentina group (see Phylogeny of the Anastrepha serpentina group).

Names Used for this Species
Anastrepha bistrigata Bezzi 1919a: 7.
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Type Data
Lectotype - Female (Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Milan (MCSNM)), designated by Norrbom 2002: 404, with the following handwritten labels: [red ink on white label] "58."; "S. Paolo Barbiellini"; and "Lectotype [female symbol] Anastrepha bistrigata Bezzi by Norrbom 2001". Bezzi (1919a, b) stated that he described this species from 1 male and 2 female syntypes from Brazil: São Paulo: Baurú, reared ex. fruit of “araxà” [Psidium guineense Sw.], A. A. Barbiellini. The paralectotypes are labeled similar to the lectotype, except that the male has the number "59" and the female "57", and the latter also has "Brasile" on its second label. There is also a damaged male of another Anastrepha species, possibly A. fraterculus, on the pin of the female.

Distribution
Anastrepha bistrigata is known only from southern Brazil (Goiás, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Santa Catarina) (Lima 1934, Zucchi 1978, Malavasi & Zucchi 2000). Korytkowski & Ojeda (1968) reported A. bistrigata from Peru based on a single male, but their illustrations of the mesonotum (Fig. 18) and terminalia of this specimen suggest that it was misidentified.
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Biology
The reported native host plants of Anastrepha bistrigata include three species of Psidium (Myrtaceae): P. australe Cambess., P. guajava L., and P. guineense Sw. (= P. araca Raddi), and one species of Sapotaceae, Pouteria gardneriana (A. DC.) Radlk. (Malavasi & Zucchi 2000; see Norrbom, in press, for full list of records). The record of Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae) (Korytkowski & Ojeda 1968) is doubtful, but it is not a native host if it is in fact attacked by A. bistrigata. Selivon & Morgante (1997) discussed the mating behavior of A. bistrigata and its reproductive isolation from A. striata.

Economic Significance
Anastrepha bistrigata is a pest of several species of Psidium, including common guava (P. guajava L.).

References
Key references are listed below. See fruit fly literature database for additional references.
Bezzi, M. 1919a. Una nuova especie brasiliana del genere Anastrepha (Dipt.). Bolletino del Laoratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della Regia Scuola Superiore d'Agricoltura, Portici 13: 3-14. [p. 7, description, host]
Bezzi, M. 1919b. Descoberta de uma nova mosca das fructas no Brazil. Chacaras e Quintaes 1919: 372-373. [additional type data]
Korytkowski, C. & D. Ojeda Peña. 1968. Especies del genero Anastrepha Schiner 1868 en el nor-oeste peruano. Rev. Peru. Entomol. 11: 32-70. [p. 52, Peru; probably misidentification]
Lima, A. M. da Costa. 1934. Moscas de frutas do genero Anastrepha Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Trypetidae). Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 28: 487-575. [p. 505, taxomomy]
Malavasi, A. & R. A. Zucchi, eds. 2000. Moscas-das-frutas de importância econômica no Brasil. Conhecimento básico e aplicado. Holos, Riberão Preto. 327 p. [Brazil]
Matioli, S. R., J. S. Morgante, V. N. Solferini & D. Frias L. 1992. Evolutionary trends of alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes in some species of tephritid flies. Rev. Bras. Genet. 15: 33-50. [p. 35, isozymes]
McPheron, B. A., H.-Y. Han, J. G. Silva & A. L. Norrbom. 1999. Phylogeny of the genera Anastrepha and Toxotrypana (Trypetinae: Toxotrypanini) based upon 16S rRNA mitochondrial DNA sequences, p. 343-361. In M. Aluja & A. L. Norrbom, eds., Fruit flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and evolution of behavior. CRC Press, Boca Raton. [16] + 944 p. [phylogeny]
Norrbom, A. L. 2002. A revision of the Anastrepha serpentina species group (Diptera: Tephritidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 104: 390-436. [p. 401, revision]
Norrbom, A. L. Host plant database for Anastrepha and Toxotrypana (Diptera: Tephritidae: Toxotrypanini). Diptera Data Dissemination Disc 2 (in press). [host database]
Norrbom, A. L., L. E. Carroll, F. C. Thompson, I. M. White & A. Freidberg. 1999. Systematic database of names, pp. 65-251. In F. C. Thompson (ed.), Fruit Fly Expert Identification System and Systematic Information Database. Myia (1998) 9, vii + 524 pp. & Diptera Data Dissemination Disk (CD-ROM) (1998) 1. [p. 77, in catalog]
Norrbom, A. L., R. A. Zucchi & V. Hernández-Ortiz. 1999. Phylogeny of the genera Anastrepha and Toxotrypana (Trypetinae: Toxotrypanini) based on morphology, p. 299-342. In M. Aluja & A. L. Norrbom, eds., Fruit flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and evolution of behavior. CRC Press, Boca Raton. [16] + 944 p. [classification & phylogeny]
Selivon, D. & J. S. Morgante. 1997. Reproductive isolation between Anastrepha bistrigata and A. striata (Diptera, Tephritidae). Brazilian Journal of Genetics 20: 583-585.
Solferini, V. N. & J. S. Morgante. 1987. Karyotype study of eight species of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae). Caryologia 40: 229-241.  [p. 232, karyotype]
Solferini, V. N. & J. S. Morgante. 1990. X1X1X2X2:X1X2Y mechanism of sex determination in Anastrepha bistrigata and A. serpentina (Diptera: Tephritidae). Rev. Bras. Genet. 13: 201-208. [p.  201, karyotype]
Steck, G. J. & A. Malavasi. 1988. Description of immature stages of Anastrepha bistrigata (Diptera: Tephritidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 81: 1004-1006. [larva]
Steck, G. J., L. E. Carroll, H. Celedonio-Hurtado & J. Guillen-Aguilar. 1990. Methods for identification of Anastrepha larvae (Diptera: Tephritidae), and key to 13 species. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 92: 333-346. [p. 343, in larval key]
Steyskal, G. C. 1977. Pictorial Key to Species of the Genus Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae). Entomological Society of America, Washington, D.C. 35 pp. [p. 5, in key]
Stone, A. 1942. The fruitflies of the genus Anastrepha. U. S. Dept. Agric. Misc. Publ. No. 439, 112 pp. [p. 31, revision]
White, I. M. & M. M. Elson-Harris. 1992. Fruit flies of economic significance: Their identification and bionomics. CAB International, Wallingford, 601 p. [p. 131, taxonomy, pest status]
Zucchi, R. A. 1978. Taxonomia das especies de Anastrepha Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Tephritidae) assinaladas no Brasil. Ph. D. dissertation, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil. 105 pp. [p. 35, Brazil]