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Anastrepha castanea Norrbom

Recognition
Anastrepha castanea belongs to the daciformis species group, which differs from other species of Anastrepha in having the basal third of the scutellum brown, the male phallus extremely short (less than 0.30 mm long) and with the glans absent (as in the dentata group), and the female eversible membrane dorsobasally with a single, medially interrupted row of very stout scales.  Anastrepha castanea is one of three species with a wing pattern comprising only a narrow, uninterrupted, costal band (not covering all of cell r₂₊₃), a distinct band covering crossvein DM-Cu, and a cubital streak not extended along vein Cu₁ beyond BM-Cu.  It is most similar to A. daciformis and A. katiyari, but differs in having the lateral presutural pale stripe interrupted and absent from the scutum (i.e., pale area on postpronotal lobe not connected to pale area on posterior half of notopleuron), and in having the white markings of the abdomen reduced, with no apical band or spot on tergite 4. The female terminalia are longer than in A. daciformis, but shorter than in A. katiyari (see Table).

Description
Body predominantly red-brown to dark brown.

Head: Yellow and brown. Frons with brown transverse dorsal band, moderately broad, somewhat bilobed, broadest along eye margin where it extends anteriorly beyond level of orbital seta. Gena with large brown spot below eye. Occiput brown except anterior margin and narrowly dorsomedially. Posterior orbital seta absent.

Thorax: Medial pale stripe bilobed or triangular posteriorly, not extended to dorsocentral seta. Presutural dorsocentral pale stripe isolated anteriorly from pale area on postpronotal lobe and not connected posteriorly to sublateral stripe along transverse suture. Presutural lateral pale stripe well differentiated, incomplete, middle part absent from scutum, but present on posterior part of notopleuron. Pleuron brown except following yellow areas: posterodorsal third of anepisternum; two small dorsal spots on katepisternum; katepimeron; anterior 2/3 of katatergite; and most of anatergite. Subscutellum and mediotergite entirely dark brown. Scutum microtrichose except for medial presutural bare area on and between dorsocentral stripes, at most extended halfway to transverse suture; notopleuron microtrichose; scutellum entirely microtrichose except for small basal area on side.

Wing: C- and S-bands completely fused along costa to form narrow, uninterrupted, dark brown marginal band; in cell br not extended to vein M along cell bm; covering all of cell r₁, but cells r₂₊₃ and r₄₊₅ hyaline except apically; apically narrow, but extended to or almost to apex of vein M. S-band incomplete, middle part between veins R₂₊₃ and Cu₁ absent; basal part as dark as C-band but hyaline or very faintly infuscated in posterior third or more of cell bcu. V-band as dark as C-band, extended anteriorly at most slightly into cell r₄₊₅; distal arm absent. Vein M strongly curved apically; M ratio 1.25-1.49.

Wing.

Abdomen: Tergites, including base of syntergite 1+2 and lateral margins of all tergites, dark red-brown except for medial and apical white bands on syntergite 1+2 and sometimes a medial white band on posterior margin of tergites 3 and anterior margin of tergite 4.

Female terminalia: Oviscape length 2.95-3.49 mm, 1.11-1.29 times as long as mesonotum. Eversible membrane, on expanded basal part, with most dorsal scales weakly sclerotized, but with one, medially interrupted row of large, strongly sclerotized, hooklike scales. Aculeus not dissected in Argentine females; slender, no more than 0.05 mm wide, except at base, at least 2.66 mm long in Brazilian female, but broken and tip missing.

Male terminalia: Lateral surstylus very short, barely extended beyond prensisetae. Phallus extremely short, less than 0.30 mm long; glans absent.