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Anastrepha daciformis Bezzi

Wing.

Recognition
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Anastrepha daciformis belongs to the daciformis species group, which differs from other species of Anastrepha in having the basal third of the scutellum brown, the male phallus extremely short (less than 0.30 mm long) and with the glans absent (as in the dentata group), and the female eversible membrane dorsobasally with a single, medially interrupted row of very stout scales.  Anastrepha daciformis is one of three species with a wing pattern comprising only a narrow, uninterrupted, costal band (not covering all of cell r2+3), a distinct band covering crossvein DM-Cu, and a cubital streak not extended along vein Cu1 beyond BM-Cu.  It most closely resembles A. castanea and A. katiyari, which differ as follows:  A. katiyari with pale dorsocentral stripe connected anteriorly to pale area on postpronotal lobe; microtrichose only on and lateral to sublateral stripe, and on and posterior to expanded posterior part of medial pale stripe; occiput mostly yellow, usually with pair of small brown dorsal stripes; propleuron and base of syntergite 1+2 yellow; oviscape length 3.95-5.00 mm, 1.25-1.65 times mesonotum length. A. castanea with mesonotum with presutural lateral pale stripe reduced to pale spot on posterior part of notopleuron, absent from scutum; oviscape length 2.95-3.49 mm, 1.10-1.30 times mesonotum length; abdominal tergite 3 sometimes with small apical white band, tergite 4 without apical white band.  Anastrepha daciformis also has a larger M ratio than in both of those species.

Classification and Evolutionary Relationships
Order: Diptera. Family: Tephritidae. Genus: Anastrepha. Species: daciformis. Author: Bezzi.
Relationships among the species of Anastrepha were analyzed by Norrbom et al. (1999) and McPheron et al. (1999). Click here for more detailed discussion of Anastrepha phylogeny. Anastrepha daciformis has been placed in the daciformis species group. Norrbom (1998) analyzed the relationships among the species of the daciformis group (see Phylogeny of the Anastrepha daciformis group) and included A. daciformis in the daciformis complex along with A. castanea Norrbom and katiyari Norrbom.

Names Used for this Species
Anastrepha daciformis Bezzi 1909: 282.
Anastrepha (Pseudodacus) daciformis: Hendel 1914a: 66, 1914b: 13.
Pseudodacus daciformis: Stone 1939: 286.
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Type data
Lectotype - Male (MCSNM), BRAZIL: São Paulo, G.G. Barbiellini; designated by Norrbom (1998: 181). Bezzi described daciformis from "parecchi esemplari" (several specimens) of both sexes from "S. Paolo, Brasile" (São Paulo, Brazil) from G.G. Barbiellini in the "Mus. di Budapest e mia coll." The only specimens of daciformis now in the MNM are from Paraguay, so the MNM syntypes must have been lost or were never returned by Bezzi. The lectotype male in the MCSNM has only a small green label with "327" and "Anastrepha daciformis n. sp." in Bezzi’s writing. The female paralectotype has only a small green label with "54." The specimens are accompanied by a label on a separate pin with "Anastrepha daciformis typ. Bezzi" in Bezzi’s writing. The lectotype is in good condition, whereas the female paralectotype is slightly teneral and missing the right foreleg and most of both antennae.

Distribution
Anastrepha daciformis occurs in Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Bahia, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul), and northern Argentina (Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán) (Norrbom 1998, Malavasi & Zucchi 2000).
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Biology
The biology of Anastrepha daciformis is poorly known. It has been reported to attack "duraznero" (presumably Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (Rosaceae)), "guayabo" (presumably Psidium guajava L.) and Eugenia sp. (Myrtaceae), and citrus (Citrus sp. (Rutaceae)) in Argentina (Hayward 1942, 1960, Rosillo 1953, Blanchard 1961), but all of these records are doubtful (Norrbom 1998). Blanchard said that Rosillo and Hayward both reared specimens, but although Rosillo used the word "hospedero" in his tables, his data appear to be exclusively based on trap counts. The records attributed to Hayward (publication not examined) may also be based on trap data. It is more likely that like other species of the daciformis species group whose host plants are known, A. daciformis probably attacks fruits of species of Sapotaceae.

Economic Significance
Anastrepha daciformis is not considered a significant pest species.

References
Key references are listed below. See fruit fly literature database for additional references.
Bezzi, M. 1909. Le species dei generi Ceratitis, Anastrepha, e Dacus. Boll. Lab. Zool. Gen. Agrar. R. Scuola Super. Agric. Portici 3: 273-313. [p. 282, description]
Bezzi, M. 1919a. Una nuova specie brasiliana del genere Anastrepha (Dipt.). Boll. Lab. Zool. Gen. Agrar. R. Scuola Super. Agric. Portici 13: 3-14. [p. 6, Brazil]
Bezzi, M. 1919b. Descoberta de uma nova mosca das fructas no Brazil. Chacaras Quintaes 1919: 372-373. [p. 373, Brazil]
Blanchard, E.E. 1937. Dipteros argentinos nuevos o poco conocidos. Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent. 9: 35-58. [p. 41, Argentina]
Blanchard, E.E. 1961. Especies argentinas del género Anastrepha Schiner (sens. lat.) (Diptera, Trypetidae). Rev. Invest. Agric. 15 (2): 281-342. [p. 293, Argentina]
Foote, R.H. 1967. Family Tephritidae (Trypetidae, Trupaneidae), Fasc. 57, 91 p. In: N. Papavero, ed., A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, São Paulo. [39, in catalog]
Greene, C.T. 1934. A revision of the genus Anastrepha based on a study of wings and on the length of the ovipositor sheath (Diptera: Trypetidae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 36: 127-179. [p. 143, taxonomy]
Hayward, K.J. 1942. Primera lista de insectos tucumanos perjudiciales. Publ. Misc. Estación Experim. Agríc. Tucumán 1: 3-110. [not seen, cited by Aczél 1950 and Rosillo 1953] [host]
Hayward, K.J. 1960. Insectos tucumanos perjudiciales. Rev. Indust. y Agríc. Tucumán 42: 1-144. [not seen, cited by Blanchard 1961] [host]
Hendel, F. 1914a. Analytische Übersicht über die Anastrepha-Arten (Dipt.). Wien. Entomol. Ztg. 33: 66-70. [p. 66, in key]
Hendel, F. 1914b. Die Bohrfliegen Südamerikas. Übersicht und Katalog der bisher aus der neotropischen Region beschrieben Tephritinen. Abh. Ber. K. Zool. Anthrop. Ethnogr. Mus. (1912) 14: 1-84. [p. 13, in key]
Lima, A. da Costa. 1934. Moscas de frutas do genero Anastrepha Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Trypetidae). Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz Rio de J. 28: 487-575. [p. 493, Brazil, type data]
Lima, A. da Costa. 1938. Novas moscas de frutas do genero "Anastrepha" (Diptera: Trypetidae) (Conclusão). O Campo (Janeiro): 61-64. [p. 64, illustration]
Malavasi, A. & R. A. Zucchi, eds. 2000. Moscas-das-frutas de importância econômica no Brasil. Conhecimento básico e aplicado. Holos, Riberão Preto. 327 p. [Brazil]
McPheron, B. A., H.-Y. Han, J. G. Silva & A. L. Norrbom. 1999. Phylogeny of the genera Anastrepha and Toxotrypana (Trypetinae: Toxotrypanini) based upon 16S rRNA mitochondrial DNA sequences, p. 343-361. In M. Aluja & A. L. Norrbom, eds., Fruit flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and evolution of behavior. CRC Press, Boca Raton. [16] + 944 p. [phylogeny]
Norrbom, A. L. 1998. A revision of the Anastrepha daciformis species group (Diptera: Tephritidae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 100: 160-192. [revision]
Norrbom, A. L., L. E. Carroll, F. C. Thompson, I. M. White & A. Freidberg. 1999. Systematic database of names, pp. 65-251. In F. C. Thompson (ed.), Fruit Fly Expert Identification System and Systematic Information Database. Myia 9, vii + 524 pp. & Diptera Data Dissemination Disk (CD-ROM) (1998) 1. [in catalog and database]
Norrbom, A. L. & K.C. Kim. 1988. A list of the reported host plants of the species of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae). U. S. Dept. Agric., Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Hyattsville, MD. 114 pp. [p. 1, classification, p. 16, host list]
Norrbom, A. L., R. A. Zucchi & V. Hernández-Ortiz. 1999. Phylogeny of the genera Anastrepha and Toxotrypana (Trypetinae: Toxotrypanini) based on morphology, p. 299-342. In M. Aluja & A. L. Norrbom, eds., Fruit flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and evolution of behavior. CRC Press, Boca Raton. [16] + 944 p.  [classification & phylogeny]
Rosillo, M.A. 1953. Resultados preliminares de un estudio bioecológico de los dípteros Trypetidae del noroeste argentino. Rev. Invest. Agric. 7: 97-130. [p. 105, Argentina]
Steyskal, G.C. 1977b. Pictorial key to species of the genus Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae). Entomological Society of Washington, Washington, D.C. 35 p. [p. 3, in key]
Stone, A. 1939. A revision of the genus Pseudodacus Hendel (Dipt. Trypetidae). Rev. Entomol. (Rio J.) 10: 282-289. [p. 286, revision]
White, I.M. & M.M. Elson-Harris. 1992. Fruit flies of economic significance: Their identification and bionomics. CAB International, Wallingford, 601 p. [p. 163, host list]
Zucchi, R.A. 1978. Taxonomia das espécies de Anastrepha Schiner, 1868 (Diptera, Tephritidae) assinaladas no Brasil. Ph.D. dissertation, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba. 105 p. [p. 41, taxonomy, Brazil]