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Anastrepha ocresia (Walker)

Female head, thorax and abdomen, dorsal.	Wing.

Recognition
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Anastrepha ocresia is one of the species of the serpentina group with a hyaline area in cell br posterior to the pterostigma that is not extended to vein R4+5. It differs from all other species of the serpentina group in having the brown markings of the mesonotum restricted to the areas near the scuto-scutellar suture, and the scutum without microtrichia except on the extreme lateral margin. The broad distal section of the S-band (at apex of vein R2+3 greater than 0.70 times width of cell r2+3) differentiates it from all other species except A. ornata. The distal arm of the V-band is always partially present, at least from vein M to the posterior wing margin. Anastrepha ocresia is the only species of the serpentina group known from the Greater Antilles and Florida.

Classification and Evolutionary Relationships
Order: Diptera. Family: Tephritidae. Genus: Anastrepha. Species: ocresia. Author: Walker.
Relationships among the species of Anastrepha were analyzed by Norrbom et al. (1999) and McPheron et al. (1999). Click here for more detailed discussion of Anastrepha phylogeny. Anastrepha ocresia has been placed in the serpentina species group. Norrbom (2002) analyzed the relationships among the species of the serpentina group (see Phylogeny of the Anastrepha serpentina group) and considered A. ocresia to be most closely related to one or more of the following: A. anomala Stone, A. pseudanomala Norrbom, and/or the serpentina clade (A. serpentina (Wiedemann) + A. pulchella Norrbom + A. pulchra Stone + A. anomoiae Norrbom).

Names Used for this Species
Trypeta ocresia Walker 1849: 1016.
Trypeta (Acrotoxa) ocresia: Loew 1873: 337.
Acrotoxa ocresia: Loew 1873: 231.
Anastrepha ocresia: Aldrich 1905: 602.
Anastrepha ochresia: Foote 1967: 14 [misspelling].
Trypeta tricincta Loew 1873: 225. Synonymy (Stone 1942: 24).
Trypeta (Acrotoxa) tricincta: Loew 1873: 329.
Acrotoxa tricincta: Loew 1873: 227.
Anastrepha tricincta: Aldrich 1905: 602.
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Type Data
Trypeta ocresia: Lectotype - Female (The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH)), Jamaica, Mr. Gosse; designated by inference of holotype by Greene (1934: 158) [examined; with following labels: [square, handwritten] "Jam. [another word, possibly "Gosse"]"; [long, handwritten] "Ocresia 1016"; [handwritten, square] "Anastrepha ocresia Walk. Type"; [circular, green-bordered] "Type"; [red bordered] "LECTOTYPE Trypeta ocresia Walker by Greene 1934: 158, by inference of holotype"]. A female of Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) was in the BMNH collection with the lectotype, but is doubtfully a syntype because Walker mentioned the incomplete V-band in the original description ("a forked stripe, which is imperfect, nearly half of the tip fork being wanting") and it is complete in this specimen. However, because Walker described T. ocresia from an unstated number of female specimens it is best to regard Greene's (1934) discussion of "the type female" as a lectotype designation. According to Papavero (1973: 247) P. H. Gosse collected in Jamaica between 6 December 1844 and 11 July 1846.
Trypeta tricincta: Lectotype - Male (Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge (MCZ)), on shipboard, 60 mi. NW of St. Nicholas [probably Môle St.-Nicolas], Haiti, P. R. Uhler; designated by inference of holotype by Greene (1934: 146) [examined; with following labels: "60 miles N. W. of St. Nicolas, Hayti, P. R. Uhler, on shipboard"; "tricincta Lw."; [red] "Type 13282"; [red bordered] "LECTOTYPE Trypeta tricincta Loew by Greene 1934: 146, by inference of holotype"].

Distribution
Anastrepha ocresia is known from the USA (Florida Keys), Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Jamaica. The only records from the Florida Keys are from 1936, and A. ocresia may not be currently established there.
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Biology
The native host plants of A. ocresia are uncertain. It has been reared several times from Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen (Sapotaceae) (Foote 1964, as Achras zapota; Fernández et al. 1998), but this plant is not native to the Greater Antilles. Weems (1968) listed Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) as a host, but did not indicate the basis for this record, and the status of this plant as a host needs confirmation. Citrus x paradisi Macfad. (Rutaceae) was erroneously listed as a host plant by White & Elson-Harris (1992), citing Weems (1968), but the latter reported only an adult foliage record.

Economic Significance
Anastrepha ocresia may be a minor or potential pest of Manilkara zapota or guava (Psidium guajava) or other Sapotaceae or Myrtaceae, but it has not been reported to cause significant economic losses.

References
Key references are listed below. See fruit fly literature database for additional references.
Fernández, A. M., D. Rodríguez & V. Hernández-Ortiz. 1998. Notas sobre el genero Anastrepha Schiner en Cuba con descripcion de una nueva especie (Diptera: Tephritidae). Folia Entomologica Mexicana (1997) No. 99: 29-36.
Foote, R. H. 1964. Notes on the Walker types of New World Tephritidae (Diptera). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 37: 316-326.
Loew, H. 1873. Monographs of the Diptera of North America. Part III. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 11 (3 [= pub. 256]): vii + 351 + XIII p.
McPheron, B. A., H.-Y. Han, J. G. Silva & A. L. Norrbom. 1999. Phylogeny of the genera Anastrepha and Toxotrypana (Trypetinae: Toxotrypanini) based upon 16S rRNA mitochondrial DNA sequences, p. 343-361. In M. Aluja & A. L. Norrbom, eds., Fruit flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and evolution of behavior. CRC Press, Boca Raton. [16] + 944 p. [phylogeny]
Norrbom, A. L. 2002. A revision of the Anastrepha serpentina species group (Diptera: Tephritidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 104: 390-436. [revision]
Norrbom, A. L. Host plant database for Anastrepha and Toxotrypana (Diptera: Tephritidae: Toxotrypanini). Diptera Data Dissemination Disc 2 (in press). [host database]
Norrbom, A. L., L. E. Carroll, F. C. Thompson, I. M. White & A. Freidberg. 1999. Systematic database of names, pp. 65-251. In F. C. Thompson (ed.), Fruit Fly Expert Identification System and Systematic Information Database. Myia (1998) 9, vii + 524 pp. & Diptera Data Dissemination Disk (CD-ROM) (1998) 1. [in catalog]
Norrbom, A. L., R. A. Zucchi & V. Hernández-Ortiz. 1999. Phylogeny of the genera Anastrepha and Toxotrypana (Trypetinae: Toxotrypanini) based on morphology, p. 299-342. In M. Aluja & A. L. Norrbom, eds., Fruit flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and evolution of behavior. CRC Press, Boca Raton. [16] + 944 p. [classification & phylogeny]
Steyskal, G. C. 1977. Pictorial Key to Species of the Genus Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae). Entomological Society of America, Washington, D.C. 35 pp. [in key]
Stone, A. 1942. The fruitflies of the genus Anastrepha. U. S. Dept. Agric. Misc. Publ. No. 439, 112 pp. [revision]
Walker, F. 1849. List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part IV. British Museum (Natural History), London. p. [3] + 689-1172 + [2]. [description]
Weems, H. V., Jr. 1968. Anastrepha ocresia (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Florida Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, Entomology Circular 71: 2 p.
White, I. M. & M. M. Elson-Harris. 1992. Fruit flies of economic significance: Their identification and bionomics. CAB International, Wallingford, 601 p.