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Anastrepha shannoni Stone

[under construction]

Recognition
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Anastrepha shannoni differs differs from all other Anastrepha species in having a pair of basal lobes on the dorsal side of the aculeus tip. It differs from most other species in having a complete S-band that is broadly fused to the C-band along the costa, so that there is no hyaline area in cell r1 distal to the apex of vein R1. It differs from the other species with this type of wing pattern in having the abdomen redbrown except for a yellow medial stripe, and from all of the species except A. grandis in having cell r2+3 entirely infuscated. It further differs from A. grandis in lacking a hyaline area in cell br, and in having shorter terminalia..

Classification and Evolutionary Relationships
Order: Diptera. Family: Tephritidae. Genus: Anastrepha. Species: shannoni. Author: Stone.
Relationships among the species of Anastrepha were analyzed by Norrbom et al. (1999) and McPheron et al. (1999). Click here for more detailed discussion of Anastrepha phylogeny. Anastrepha shannoni has been placed in the grandis species group.

Names Used for this Species
(part) Anastrepha grandis: Greene 1934: 145 [misidentification].
Anastrepha shannoni: Stone 1942: 12, 23.
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Click here to link to fly names database

Type Data
Holotype - Male (National Museum of Natural History (USNM)), PERU: "Chimbotes, Amaz." [probably Loreto: Chimbote, 3^o52'S 70^o45'W], 20 Mar 1931, R. C. Shannon. The holotype bears a label with "Chimbotes, Amaz. Peru", a label with "R.C. Shannon Coll. Mar.20.31", a red "Type No. 51653 U.S.N.M" label, and a Stone determination label with "Anastrepha shannoni Stone". Stone dissected and mounted the left wing and abdomen on slides 39.VIII.4b and 39.II.9b, respectively. He reported the type locality as "Chimbotes, Amazonas, Peru", but it is probably the town of Chimbote in Loreto Department. The "Amaz." on the label probably refers to the Amazon River, along which this town is located, rather than Amazonas Department.

Distribution
Anastrepha shannoni is known from western Amazonia (Peru: Loreto; Brazil: Amazonas) and southern Venezuela (Bolivar); also western Peru if the specimens reported by Korytkowski and Ojeda (1968) were correctly determined.
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Biology
The biology of A. shannoni is unknown.

Economic Significance
Anastrepha shannoni is not considered a pest species.

Comments
As noted by Stone (1942), Greene (1934) misidentified the holotype as A. grandis. Korytkowski & Ojeda (1968) described five males and one female from Jayanca, Lambayeque, Peru that they determined as shannoni. According to their description and illustrations, the wing pattern and the scutal color pattern of these specimens match those of the holotype except that the yellowish medial scutal stripe is broader posteriorly, extending laterally beyond the dorsocentral seta. The shapes of the aculeus tip, the scales of the eversible membrane, and the surstylus are similar to A. grandis, however, differing markedly from those of the holotype and other known specimens of shannoni, and the lengths they reported for the oviscape (4.58 mm) and the aculeus (4.83 mm) are intermediate between grandis and the Venezuelan females of shannoni. It is possible that Korytkowski and Ojeda confused the terminalia of these specimens with those of specimens of grandis, or these specimens may represent a different, undescribed species.

References
Key references are listed below. See fruit fly literature database for additional references.
Foote, R. H. 1967. Family Tephritidae (Trypetidae, Trupaneidae). In N. Papavero (ed.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Depto. Zool., Sec. Agric., São Paulo, Fasc. 57: 1-91. [in catalog]
Korytkowski, C. & Ojeda Peña, D. 1968. Especies del genero Anastrepha Schiner 1868 en el nor-oeste peruano. Rev. Peru. Entomol. 11: 32-70. [Peru].
Malavasi, A. & R. A. Zucchi, eds. 2000. Moscas-das-frutas de importância econômica no Brasil. Conhecimento básico e aplicado. Holos, Riberão Preto. 327 p. [Brazil]
McPheron, B. A., H.-Y. Han, J. G. Silva & A. L. Norrbom. 1999. Phylogeny of the genera Anastrepha and Toxotrypana (Trypetinae: Toxotrypanini) based upon 16S rRNA mitochondrial DNA sequences, p. 343-361. In M. Aluja & A. L. Norrbom, eds., Fruit flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and evolution of behavior. CRC Press, Boca Raton. [16] + 944 p. [phylogeny]
Norrbom, A. L. 1991. The species of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) with a grandis-type wing pattern. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 93: 101-124. [revision]
Norrbom, A. L., R. A. Zucchi & V. Hernández-Ortiz. 1999. Phylogeny of the genera Anastrepha and Toxotrypana (Trypetinae: Toxotrypanini) based on morphology, p. 299-342. In M. Aluja & A. L. Norrbom, eds., Fruit flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and evolution of behavior. CRC Press, Boca Raton. [16] + 944 p.  [classification & phylogeny]
Steyskal, G. C. 1977. Pictorial Key to Species of the Genus Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae). Entomological Society of America, Washington, D.C. 35 pp. [in key]
Stone, A. 1942. The fruitflies of the genus Anastrepha. U. S. Dept. Agric. Misc. Publ. No. 439, 112 pp. [in key, original description, Peru]