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Anastrepha stonei Steyskal

Wing, Bahamas.

Recognition
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Anastrepha stonei belongs to the daciformis species group, which differs from other species of Anastrepha in having the basal third of the scutellum brown, the male phallus extremely short (less than 0.30 mm long) and with the glans absent (as in the dentata group), and with the female eversible membrane dorsobasally with a single, medially interrupted row of very stout scales. It differs the other species except A. maculata in having a complete V-band, and from all other species of the daciformis group in having the dorsocentral pale stripe extended posteriorly from the transverse suture to beyond the dorsocentral seta; the scutum with numerous discrete dark brown spots or stripes; and the wing with 3-4 dark brown marginal spots and another on R-M. See recognition section for A. maculata for additional characters to distinguish these two species.

Classification and Evolutionary Relationships
Order: Diptera. Family: Tephritidae. Genus: Anastrepha. Species: stonei. Author: Steyskal.
Relationships among the species of Anastrepha were analyzed by Norrbom et al. (1999) and McPheron et al. (1999). Click here for more detailed discussion of Anastrepha phylogeny. Anastrepha stonei has been placed in the daciformis species group. Norrbom (1998) analyzed the relationships among the species of the daciformis group (see Phylogeny of the Anastrepha daciformis group) and considered A. maculata to be the species most closely related to A. stonei.

Names Used for this Species
Anastrepha stonei Steyskal 1977a: 79.
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Type data
Holotype - Male (USMN), BAHAMAS: New Providence, Nassau, Sep 1976, C. Smith.

Distribution
Anastrepha stonei is known from the Bahamas Is., Dominican Republic, and the USA (southern Florida). The single specimen known from Florida may have been a stray from the Bahamas, as no additional specimens have been collected, despite continuous fruit fly trapping surveys in the state.
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Biology
The biology of Anastrepha stonei is poorly known.  Its host plants are unknown, although it probably attacks fruits of species of Sapotaceae like other species of the daciformis species group.

Economic Significance
Anastrepha stonei is not considered a pest species.

Comments
The single female known from the Dominican Republic differs from typical specimens of A. stonei in having a complete S-band. Most of its terminalia were lost and so not all female terminalia characters have been confirmed to be within the range of the Bahamian populations. The status of the population from Hispaniola needs further study. This species was named for Alan Stone.

References
Key references are listed below. See fruit fly literature database for additional references.
McPheron, B. A., H.-Y. Han, J. G. Silva & A. L. Norrbom. 1999. Phylogeny of the genera Anastrepha and Toxotrypana (Trypetinae: Toxotrypanini) based upon 16S rRNA mitochondrial DNA sequences, p. 343-361. In M. Aluja & A. L. Norrbom, eds., Fruit flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and evolution of behavior. CRC Press, Boca Raton. [16] + 944 p. [phylogeny]
Norrbom, A. L. 1998. A revision of the Anastrepha daciformis species group (Diptera: Tephritidae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 100: 160-192. [p. 188, revision]
Norrbom, A. L., R. A. Zucchi & V. Hernández-Ortiz. 1999. Phylogeny of the genera Anastrepha and Toxotrypana (Trypetinae: Toxotrypanini) based on morphology, p. 299-342. In M. Aluja & A. L. Norrbom, eds., Fruit flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and evolution of behavior. CRC Press, Boca Raton. [16] + 944 p. [classification & phylogeny]
Norrbom, A. L. & K.C. Kim. 1988a. A list of the reported host plants of the species of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae). U. S. Dept. Agric., Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Hyattsville, MD. 114 pp. [p. 1, classification]
Steyskal, G.C. 1977a. Two new neotropical fruitflies of the genus Anastrepha, with notes on generic synonymy (Diptera, Tephritidae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 79: 75-81. [p. 79, description]
Steyskal, G.C. 1977b. Pictorial key to species of the genus Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae). Entomological Society of Washington, Washington, D.C. 35 p. [p. 3, in key]