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Euaresta philodema (Hendel)

Wings of female and male.

Recognition
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Euaresta philodema is one of several species of Euaresta with the anterior notopleural seta present, the apex of cell r₂₊₃ with one marginal hyaline spot, and cell r₄₊₅ without a medial bulla. It differs from E. bullans in having the subapical spot of the wing pattern narrower in cell r₄₊₅ than in cells r₁ and r₂₊₃, the arista with only basal 1/8 or less swollen and yellow, and the male antenna entirely yellow. It differs from E. meridionalis in the size of the basal dark spot in cell br; in E. philodema it is small, and usually quadrate or linear (Aczél 1952).  The wing of the male is often diffusely yellow-brown bordering the brown areas between the pterostigma and crossvein R-M.

Classification and Evolutionary Relationships
Order: Diptera. Family: Tephritidae. Subfamily: Tephritinae. Genus: Euaresta. Species: philodema. Author: Hendel.
Relationships among the species of Euaresta were analyzed by Norrbom (1993). Click here for more detailed discussion of Euaresta phylogeny. Euaresta philodema has been placed in the bullans species group.

Names Used for this Species
Camaromyia philodema Hendel 1914: 63.
Euaresta philodema:
Click here to link to fly names database

Type Data
Syntypes - 7 males (SMT), Chile: Talcahuanco [Bio Bio: Talcahuano (36°43'S 73°07'W); according to Papavero (1973: 420), Schnuse collected there in Sep 1902].

Distribution
Euaresta philodema is known from Chile and Argentina (Aczél 1952).
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Biology
Euaresta philodema breeds in female flowers of Xanthium spinosum L. and X. catharticum (Frias 1992, Norrbom 1993).

Economic Significance
Euaresta philodema is not currently considered an economically significant species, although it may be a potential biological control agent for Xanthium spinosum.

References
Click here to access fruit fly literature database
Aczél, M.L. 1950. Catalogo de la familia "Trypetidae" (Dipt. Acalypt.) de la region neotropical. Acta Zoologica Lilloana (1949) 7: 177-328. [p. , in catalog]
Aczél, M. L. 1952. El género Euaresta Loew (= Camaromyia Hendel) en la región neotropical (Diptera Trypetidae). Revista Chilena de Entomología 2:147-172. [revision, Argentina, illustrations of head, antenna, palpus, wing, epandrium, oviscape, aculeus]
Foote, R. H. 1967. Family Tephritidae (Trypetidae, Trupaneidae). In N. Papavero, ed., A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. Departmento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, São Paulo. Fasc. 57, 91 pp. [in catalog]
Frias, D. Aspectos de la biología evolutiva de especies de Tephritidae de distribución chilena. Revista Chilena de Entomología 17: 69-79. [p. 71, host]
Hendel, F. 1914. Die Bohrfliegen Südamerikas. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlich Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden (1912) 14:1-84. [p. 63, description]
Malloch, J. R. 1933. Fascicle 4. --Acalyptrata [part], p. 177-391, pls. 2-7. In British Museum (Natural History), Diptera of Patagonia and south Chile. Pt. 6. London. 499 p. [p. 274, in key, Chile]
Norrbom, A. L. 1993. New species and phylogenetic analysis of Euaresta Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae) with a key to the species from the Americas south of Mexico. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 95: 195-209. [phylogenetic relationships]
Norrbom, A. L., L. E. Carroll, F. C. Thompson, I. M. White & A. Freidberg. 1999. Systematic database of names, pp. 65-251. In F. C. Thompson (ed.), Fruit Fly Expert Identification System and Systematic Information Database. Myia (1998) 9, vii + 524 pp. & Diptera Data Dissemination Disk (CD-ROM) (1998) 1. [p. 145, in catalog]
Stuardo O., C. 1946. Catalogo de los Dipteros de Chile. Ministerio de Agricultura, Santiago, Chile. 250 p.  [p. 134, in catalog]

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