About This Key |
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Acknowledgments: This key was developed to support the scale-insect identification efforts of APHIS/PPQ port identifiers. A grant was provided through the USDA Center for Plant Health Science and Technology and the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. A second infusion of funds came from the U S Department of Agriculture through Hilda Diaz-Soltero, USDA Invasive Species Liaison and Coordinator. A table has been developed providing information on the source of the line drawings and the date that permission was received to use them in this key. We are most grateful to Imre Foldi, Ray Gill, Penny Gullan, Ferenc Kozár, Gary Miller, Clare Morales, Claude Richard, Sadao Takagi, Gillian Watson, and Douglas Williams for allowing us to use their illustrations. We also wish to acknowledge the source of the habitus images; in most cases these were photographed by Ray Gill who has developed a remarkable image gallery of scale insects as they appear in the field. Many of them can be seen by accessing the Systematic Entomology Laboratory Scale Insect Photographs page. The images that came from other authors are the Dactylopiidae by John Davidson, the Putoidae and Pseudococcidae (Rhizoecus cacticans by Howard McKenzie, the Ortheziidae by Dug Miller, and the Eriococcidae (Ovaticoccus salviae) by Don Ricker. A link is given for each habitus image to a web page that provides more detailed information about each photograph. We also are grateful to Penny Gullan who provided unpublished images of the claw of the Phenacoleachia specimen and gave a careful review of the Beesoniidae description. We are especially grateful to Demian Kondo and Penny Gullan, Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis USA for their careful reviews and beta testing of an earlier edition of this key. Their efforts are very much appreciated. We also are grateful to Gary Miller and Michael Pogue, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS/USDA for their critical reviews, comments, and criticisms of the project. For careful reviews and beta testing of the key we are grateful to the APHIS/PPQ identifiers who attended the Coccoidea workshop in Frederick, Maryland October 18-21, 2004. About the authors: Alessandra Rung (Baptista) has a postdoctoral position with the University of Maryland, College Park and the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. She has primary responsibility for the development and implementation of this and one other Lucid key. In collaboration with George Venable and Dug Miller, she has developed the structure of the key and is the principal investigator on the project. Her background is in Diptera systematics, but she has found the world of scales to be interesting and quite very different from flies. George L. Venable, of PXL PWR Multimedia Studio in Beltsville, Maryland is the graphics, HTML, and organizational specialist on the project. He manipulates the information provided by Alessandra and Dug in a format that is easily understandable and is visually pleasing. George works as a contractor on the project, but his input far exceeds what would be expected of someone in this kind of position. Douglass R. (Dug) Miller is a scale insect systematist in the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS, USDA and is responsible for the character information used in the key. Raymond J. (Ray) Gill of the California Department of Food and Agriculture provided the lion's share of line drawings and habitus images that added enormously to the project. |
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Illustration reference, source and permissions. Links to Citations and Permissions will open in a new page. Close that page to return to this table. |
| Illustration | Citation | Permission granted from Author | Permission granted from Publisher |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aclerdidae | Gill1993:8 | Gill 7/3/04 | Gill 7/3/04 |
| Asterolecaniidae | Gill1993:10 | Gill 7/3/04 | Gill 7/3/04 |
| Beesoniidae | Takagi2001:101 | Takagi 8/1/04 | Insecta Matsumurana 8/12/04 |
| Carayonemidae | Original | ||
| Callipappidae | GullanSj2001 | Gullan 7/30/04 | Systematic Entomology 10/30/04 Blackwell Publishing |
| Cerococcidae | Gill1993:11 | Gill 7/3/04 | Gill 7/3/04 |
| Coccidae | Gill1988:7 | Gill 7/3/04 | Gill 7/3/04 |
| Coelostomidiidae | Morale1991:77 | Henderson 8/4/04 |
Fauna New Zealand 8/4/04 |
| Conchaspididae | Gill1993:15 | Gill 7/3/04 | Gill 7/3/04 |
| Dactylopiidae | Gill1993:13 | Gill 7/3/04 | Gill 7/3/04 |
| Diaspididae | Original | ||
| Eriococcidae | Original | ||
| Halimococcidae | WilliaWa1990:211 | Williams 8/17/04 |
CABI Publishing 8/17/04 |
| Watson 8/2/04 |
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| Kermesidae | Gill1993:9 | Gill 7/3/04 | Gill 7/3/04 |
| Kerriidae | WilliaWa1990:188 | Williams 8/17/04 |
CABI Publishing 8/17/04 |
| Watson 8/2/04 |
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| Kuwaniidae | Gill1993:54 | Gill 7/3/04 | Gill 7/3/04 |
| Lecanodiaspididae | Gill1993:12 | Gill 7/3/04 | Gill 7/3/04 |
| Marchalina | Original | ||
| Margarodidae | Gill1993:55 | Gill 7/3/04 | Gill 7/3/04 |
| Matsucoccidae | Original | ||
| Micrococcidae | MillerWi1995:207 | Williams 8/17/04 |
Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria 'Filippo Silvestri' 5/24/05 |
| Monophlebidae | Gill1993:65 | Gill 7/3/04 | Gill 7/3/04 |
| Neosteingelia | Foldi1997a:187 | Foldi 8/16/04 | Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France
11/08/06 |
| Ortheziidae | MillerKo2002:223 | Kozar 8/10/04 | Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 8/10/04 |
| Phenacoleachiidae | Original | ||
| Phoenicococcidae | Gill1993:16 | Gill 7/3/04 | Gill 7/3/04 |
| Pityococcidae | Gill1993:63 | Gill 7/3/04 | Gill 7/3/04 |
| Pollinini | Gill1993:114 | Gill 7/3/04 | Gill 7/3/04 |
| Pseudococcidae | MillerGiWi1984:708 | Gill 7/3/04 Williams 8/17/04 |
Not copyrighted |
| Putoidae | MillerMi1993b:11 | Not copyrighted | |
| Steingelia | Gill1993:66 | Gill 7/3/04 | Gill 7/3/04 |
| Stictococcidae | Richar1976:662 | Richard 8/25/04 |
Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France
11/08/06 |
| Xylococcidae | Gill1993:5 | Gill 7/3/04 | Gill 7/3/04 |
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